The effect of astaxanthin on the skin's appearance was investigated in a study. Test subjects were administered 2mg of astaxanthin every day. The results were impressive: Already after two weeks improvements to the complexion (higher moisture content, less wrinkles and spots, even fat content) could be observed (Yamashita, E. 2002; Tominaga, K. 2012). A placebo-controlled study of twenty couples trying for a child sought to find out whether astaxanthin could reduce the oxidative stress on sperm cells. After the men had been taking 16mg of astaxanthin daily for only three months, half the couples could already celebrate a pregnancy. The movement, speed and morphology of the sperm among the male astaxanthin subjects had also improved (Comhaire, F. and Mahmoud, A. 2003; Comhaire et al., 2005).